Phenotype
This project utilizes extensive phenotyping to quantify key traits influencing the evolutionary dynamics of Littorina saxatilis. Traits such as shell morphology, boldness, and parasite load are measured to capture adaptive variation. By linking these traits to environmental and genomic data, we can discern how phenotypic divergence correlates with colonization success or failure. This approach helps address the research question of how specific traits facilitate population persistence under varying environmental pressures.


Geometric Morphometric
Geometric morphometrics will analyze shell shape variation to evaluate morphological adaptation in L. saxatilis.
Boldness
The project will measure boldness by timing L. saxatilis re-emergence after shell disturbance to assess behavioral adaptation.



Parasite Load
Quantifying parasitic impact allows assessment of how disease pressures shape fitness, population stability, and potential adaptation strategies.
Trematodes
Ciliates
Female fertility
Littorina saxatilis is the single live-bearing species among Littorina, it incubates their offspring in brood-pouches inside their shells.
Evaluating reproductive capacity, embryo success among females to assess how it could contribute to population growth and colonization potential.